Jerad

flat =About me:= Hello there! I'm Jerad. I am a freshman in high school and run Varsity for Cross Country. I also run Indoor Track and Outdoor Track. My favorite t.v. show is 24, and my favorite movie is I Am Legend. In my free time i enjoy running, swimming, fishing, hunting, and hanging out with friends. I like listening to oldies and rap, two of my favorite artists are Oasis and Eminem. One of my favorite past times is singing songs on the bus home with the Cross Country team.

= = =Red Oak= The Red Oak (//Quercus rubra//) is a deciduous tree, meaning it has leaves that turn color and fall off. Its leaves have a Pointed Lobed margin; the leaves' margins come into a point. It is also related to the White Oak. It has simple pinnate leaves, which means it has a single leaf coming off of each individual petiole. The leaves on the Red Oak are alternating. On the stem the leaves' petioles alternate from side to side and aren't on opposite positions on the stem. Three distinguishing characteristics of the Red Oak are its oblong acorns, and its thin, pinnately lobbed leaves. Uses for it are in construction, interior design, and for railroad ties. []



= = =Longleaf Pine= The Longleaf Pine (//Pinus palustris//) is a coniferous tree, meaning it has needles that stay on it all year round. Its needles are in bunches of three, and they can grow up to 18 inches long. This tree is related to the dwarf pine and the scotch pine. It is compound palmate, meaning it has many needles coming from one point off the stem. It has alternating needles. Three distinguishing characteristics of the longleaf pine are its large pine cones, thick, reddish-brown scaly bark which is fire-resistant, and all of its needles fan downward. It was used alot for masts on sailing ships. []



= Biomolecules in Food Lab =

I tested Egg White for simple sugars, starch, protein, and fat. Simple sugars, starch, and fat were not present in the Egg White. Protein was the only biomolecule that was present in Egg White. I also tested Spinach for simple sugars, starch, protein, and fat. In my testing, I concluded that all 4 biomolecules were absent in Spinach.

One of my group members tested peas for simple sugars, starch, protein, and fat. He concluded from his testing that simple sugars, fat, and protein were all absent. Starch was the only biomolecule that was present in peas.


 * Fruits** that were tested in the lab are: avocodos, bananas, and apples. They seemed to always test positive for simple sugars. They sometimes tested positive for starch. Fruit never tested positive for fats, although they sometimes tested positive for protein.
 * Vegetables** that were tested in the lab are: cannelini beans, peas, lettuce, and potatoes. Starch was almost always positive in the test results. Fat and protein were occasionally present in the vegetables. Sugars were not positive in the results.
 * Meats** that were tested in the lab were liver and ground beef. Ground beef and liver usually did not have starch or sugar positive, but occasionally they did. They always tested positive for protein and fat.
 * Eggs and Milk** were tested in the lab. Egg white always tested positive for protein, and nothing else. Egg yolk always tested positive for protein, fat, and occasionally simple sugars. Milk tested positive for protein and fat, but never sugar or starch.

The meats, eggs, and milk seemed to always test positive for protein and fat, but they usually did not test positive for sugars and starch, although it did come up occasionally. The fruits and vegetables seemed to be the opposite, having starch and sugar being tested positive more often than being positive for protein and fat.

Protein was tested positive a few times in apples. This suprised me because i thought that protein was only found in meats and other animal products, not fruit. I also expected lettuce to have starch positive in it because starch occured more often in vegetables than any other food tested, but it was tested negative often.

In the lab, starch was absent often in apples. This should have tested positive because apples are 25% starch. This is a large amount and should have tested positive more often.

=Biomolecules Infographic=



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=Food Arguement Infographic=



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=Photosynthesis Vocab Infographic=



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= = =DNA Extraction Lab Homework Question=

Everyone In our lab group did not have the same results because we each have different DNA, we might all have filled it to different levels with the Gatorade and alcohol, we might not have each swished the same way. The amount of DNA extracted is affected by your day-to-day activities because if you ate right before you extracted DNA you could get less cheek cells because they were lost from when you chewed your food.

=**DNA Replication Summary **=

DNA needs to be replicated so that when two parents have a child, it has half the DNA from the mother and half from the father. It also needs to be replicated so that new cells and tissues can be made with the instructions. The first step in DNA replication is an enzyme called Helicase has to break the hydrogen bonds in between the nucleotides. This breaking of the bonds allows the DNA to “unzip” Then Single Stranded Binding Proteins go over the separated nucleotides to prevent them from zipping back together. An enzyme called primase attaches to the leading strand. This makes a starting point for replication to begin. Polymerase, another enzyme, binds to the single strand and begins to replicate the DNA. To replicate the lagging strand, the primase has to attach to it and make the starting point. Then the polymerase has to replicate at separate times because of the fragments of DNA it gets one at a time. These fragments made on the lagging strand are called Okazaki Fragments. A new enzyme called ligase binds the Okazaki Fragments together, creating a new, identical strand of DNA.

=DNA Infographic=



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=Genetics Infographic=



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=Tuberculosis=