Shaina+P

flat =About me= Hi, my name is Shaina. I'm a freshman in high school. After high school my plans are to go to college to become a physical therapist. I play basketball, volleyball, and softball. In my spare time i enjoy riding four wheelers, hunting, and hanging out with friends. I have a half brother named Nathan.

=Quaking Aspen= 1. The scientific name for the quaking aspen is //Populus tremuloides//. 2. Other trees it is related to are the white birch and the big toothed aspen. 3. The quaking aspen is deciduous. 4. The quaking aspen's margin is finely toothed, it is simple and pinnate, and it is alternate. 5. The leaves are dark green and shiny. They have small, rounded teeth. In the fall, the leaves turn yellow, red, orange and a goldish color. 6. In Utah, quaking aspens are used for fence poles, buildings and also firewood. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:QuakiesSEP2005.JPG

=Norway Maple= 1. The scientific name for the Norway Maple is //Acer plantanoides.// 2. Other trees it is related to are the field maple, cappadocian maple, lobel's maple and shandong maple. 3. The norway maple is deciduous. 4. The norway maple's margin is coarsley lobed, simple, opposite. 5. The bark is smooth and little brown on young trees, dark and fissured but not scaly when older. The tree has "helicopters" on it, little brown winged leaves that fall off the tree. Milky sap exudes from the broken left stalk. 6. Norway maple is used for making musical instruments, furniture and firewood. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spitz-Ahorn%28mbo%29.jpg.JPG

=Biomolecules and Food Lab= 1. The food that i tested was lettuce. I tested for proteins, fats, starches, and sugars. I found that all four substances were absent. For the other food my group tested was milk. When we tested milk we found that fats and proteins were present in it and starches and sugars were absent.

2. In meat some biomolecules were present and some were absent. Sugar was absent, starches were both absent and present, proteins and fats were present in all foods. In fruit all four biomolecules were both present and absent. In vegetables sugars were mostly absent but some were present. Starches were mostly present in vegetables under the exception of lettuce, which were absent mostly. The only vegetable that had fat found in it was white beans, all of the other vegetables did not have fats found in it. Proteins were both absent and present in vegetables. Milk had both proteins and fats present in it, sugars and starches were both absent in it. Starches and sugars were both present and absent in egg yolk, but in egg whites sugar and starches are both absent. Proteins are present in both egg whites and egg yolk. Fats present in egg yolks, but absent in egg whites.

3. The graph above shows the number of times each biomolecules were present and absent in each food we tested.

4. I was surprised that there was some vegetables that had sugar present in it. I was also surprised that some fruit had sugar present in it because both vegetables and fruits are organic and they are both natural. I figured that peas would not have that much starches in it and I figured that lettuce would have proteins in because other vegetables have proteins.

5. I researched egg whites which showed that it had tons of proteins and no one had tested that egg whites had proteins. I also researched milk, which showed that it contains sugars but no one had tested that milk had sugars.

=Biomolecules Infographic=

=Food Infographic=



Sea salt- http://www.shutterstock.com/pic.mhtml?id=62480278 Table salt- http://www.shutterstock.com/pic.mhtml?id=61666942 Salt shaker- http://www.shutterstock.com/pic.mhtml?id=80004634

=Photosynthesis Infographic=



=DNA Extraction from Human Cheek Cells= Did everyone in your group have about the same extraction results? Why is this the case? How is the amount of DNA that you extracted affected by your day to day activities?

No not everyone in my group had the same extraction results because some people might have scraped their check as much as everyone else. Some people might have used more Gatorade, they might have chewed gum or eat food before. It is affected because of the food you ate and some people might have braces or a retainer that might effect how much DNA you have in your mouth.

=DNA Replication summary =

There are 4 steps in the process of DNA replication. The first part is the helicase binds and breaks apart hydrogen bonds. The second part is the single stranded binding proteins keep strand from coming back together. Single stranded binding protein is a protein that keeps strand from coming back together. Primase is an enzyme that gives a starting point. Polymerase is an enzyme that represents DNA. There are two strands, the leading strand, which leads and is followed by the lagging strand. The lagging strand is made of Okazaki fragments. Ligase is an enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments. The DNA replicated because the parents cells need to divide to create a baby.

=DNA Infographic=



= Diseases of the cell infographic =



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