KimberlyB

flat =About Me= My name is Kimberly Belisky and I am a freshman at Punxsutawney High School. In my free time I love to play guitar and sing. I love animals but I hate snakes. When I grow up I want to be a Marine Biologist and go to a school down in South Carolina.

=Witch Hazel= The Witch Hazel's scientific name is //Hamamelis virginiana// and is related to the Persian Ironwood. It is also deciduous and has a dentate margin, its simple, and it has alternate leaves. Some distinguishing characteristics are that the twigs are zigzag, it has light brown bark, and it has pods that are yellowish- brown that holds two black seeds. The Which Hazels bark can be used to make a medicinal extract called Witch Hazel Extract. Herbal remedies is an example of a medicinal extract it is used for this specific extract is used to treat hemorrhoids.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witch-hazel

=Osage Orange= The Osage Orange's scientific name is //Maclura pomifera// and is related to Figs. It is deciduous and has a smooth margin. The leave is simple and have alternate leaves. Some distinguishing characteristics are thorns, round green fruit, and it produces a milky sap that contains latex. The Osage Orange can be used to make dyes depending on the ripeness of the fruit.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maclura_pomifera

=Biomolecules in Food=

Meats had no simple sugars or starches. Meats; however, do have proteins and fats. Vegetables have no simple sugars, protiens, or fat it does have starch. Fruits have simple sugars and starch and dose not have proteins and fats. Dairy products have no simple sugars, fats, or starches. Dairy products have proteins thought. __simple sugars /starches/ proteins/ fats__ Meats- absent/ absent/ present /present vegetables- absent /present/ absent/ absent fruits- present/ present/ absent/ absent dairy- absent/ absent/ present /absent

It was very surprising to me that dairy products have protein this is because protein is usually in many meats. I did; however expect there to be fats in dairy products but there were not.I thought this because eggs look thick and usually thick things have fats. In research that I did there should have been fat and protein in fruits. There also should have been fats in vegetables. =Biomolecule Infographic=

=Food Issues Infograph= =Photosynthesis Vocab Infographic= All the images were retrieved from Photoshop images =DNA Extraction Lab Homework= In the group our extraction results were slightly different. This is because not everyone would be able to get the same amount for example, somebody can have a lot of DNA from their cheeks but someone else may have very little. This is also affected by your day to day activities. This is mainly because someone may bite their cheeks or it can also be affected by the different foods that you eat. = DNA Replication = For the offspring of two parents to get DNA it must duplicate so it gets genes from its mom and from its dad. To start the replication process the helicase binds and breaks apart the hydrogen bonds which makes two strands called the leading and lagging strands. Then the single stranded binding proteins attach so the strands don’t join back together. Then on the leading strand the primase attaches and gives a starting point for the replication, which runs from 5 to 3. Then last the polymerase binds and replicates the DNA. For the lagging strand however instead of the strands running from 5 to 3 it runs from 3 to 5. Because of this it has to use okazaki fragments. The okazaki fragments then allow the process to wait until the strands to open up while the ligase joins the okazaki strands so that it can make a full strand by replication. That is how DNA replication process works.

=DNA Vocabulary Infographic=

=New DNA Summary= For the offspring of two parents to get DNA it must duplicate so it gets genes from its mom and from its dad. To start the replication process the helicase binds and breaks apart the hydrogen bonds which makes two strands called the leading and lagging strands. Then the single stranded binding proteins attach so the strands don’t join back together. Then on the leading strand the primase attaches and gives a starting point for the replication, which runs from 5 to 3. Then last the polymerase binds and replicates the DNA. For the lagging strand however instead of the strands running from 5 to 3 it runs from 3 to 5. Because of this it has to use okazaki fragments. The okazaki fragments then allow the process to wait until the strands to open up while the ligase joins the okazaki strands so that it can make a full strand by replication. That is how DNA replication process works. But there is a limit to how much one can replicate. One cell can replicate only around fifty times because of the telomere. The telomeres are a sequence of similar nucleotides at the end of the DNA strand. When DNA replicates the telomere is cut and it can become to short if to many replications take place. You age as your cells age and stop replicating as much. What can mess this up, however, is telomerase. Telomerase is the enzyme that creates the telomeres. IF they are activated the cell will never die. This is how cancer happens. Cells are supposed to stop replicating and die so not too many of each cell are alive and replicating at one time. With the telomerase activated the cell won’t die and the cells like that will gather and build up into tumors. That is how cancer gets started. Another possibility of how you get your cells is through transplanting. Cell transplantation is when you take healthy cells from one thing and put them in something else’s body. This is risky and things can go wrong if the body rejects the cells or they cause complications within the body. It is usually reserved for major illnesses or lab animals. That is not the only way either. They can also clone something by putting its DNA is a egg cell which will make you //genetically// the same but that doesn’t mean that you will have the same attitude or looks. One example is Rainbow at a Texas lab who was cloned. The new cloned kittens name is CC and even though they have the same DNA they look different and CC is more playful than Rainbow. The End! =Genetic Diseases Infographic=