The+Gingers

flat Tasha H Darriene L.

=DNA Extraction from Human Cheek Cells= when we put in the sports drink, alcohol, and cell lysis solution it caused the DNA to all cluster up. This in turn made it more visible. 7. An individuals unique sequence of DNA base pairs, determined by exposing a sample of the person’s DNA to molecular probes. DNA fingerprints are often used as evidence in criminal law cases. 8. DNA is used everyday to solve crimes, to see if people will get certain diseases, and to test if a fetus is a male or female.
 * 1) The 5 elements that make up DNA are Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Phosphorus.
 * 2) DNAs day to day function is to provide the code which is used to control functions, behavior and development of an organism.
 * 3) Long strands of DNA fit into the nucleus of a single cheek cell by wrapping itself around the histone. When it’s wrapped up it becomes more condensed so it doesn’t take up as much space.
 * 4) The purpose of using the cell lysis solution was so make sure the strands of DNA would float to the center of the test tube. This made it easier to see and observe the DNA.
 * 5) DNA becomes visible in alcohol because DNA is a polar molecule, while alcohol is a non-polar substance. Therefore the DNA can’t be dissolved, and becomes suspended in the solution.
 * 6) We could see the DNA in the experiment even though it was so thin because

This is a picture of our DNA that we extracted from our cheek cells.

= = http://www.slideshare.net/punxsyscience/dna-replication-model

The replication of DNA is important because when a cell divides it must have an exact copy of the DNA from other cells, in order for it to function properly. There's many things that can go wrong during cellular division like substitution, where a wrong base takes place of the right one. Instertion, where an extra base is placed in with the nucleotides. Or deletion where one of the bases isn't there. Any of these mutations can cause the body not to form correctly.

=Transcription and Translation= http://www.slideshare.net/punxsyscience/transcription-flipbook

=Genetics Vocabulary Infographic= ==

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=Medaka Infographic=



=Diaper Dissection Lab= In our group, we thought the best procedure to follow was to cut the diaper directly down the center, so that each of our two groups could have a half. We ripped the diaper apart to discover that it consisted of four separate layers. We gave each layer a number starting from the outside, moving in. The first layer was very thin and had holes throughout, we predicted its function was to act as the skin basically and hold all the other materials in place. The holes would let for air flow. The second layer was a little bit thicker than the first layer, and resembled a dryer sheet. We predicted that its purpose was just to filter the liquids as they passed on to the next layer. The third layer we found was composed of fibers that resembled cotton. This was the thickest layer in the entire diaper, and we decided it was where the main absorbing happened. The fourth layer was a sort of padding. This was on the inside of the diaper so we predicted it was partially for comfort and for some extra absorbancy also. After we viewed all the layers we started adding water. When it was added to the first layer (the outside layer) we found it could only hold 4mL. This was more than we thought it would hold. We did some research and discovered the outside layer was waterproof resistant, so it's probably not only for structure but to keep extra liquids inside the diaper. When we poured water on the second layer we found it held around 2mL. We weren't very surprised by this low number and we still believe it serves the purpose we stated in our hypothesis. The third layer surprisingly held 95mL. of water! Our hypothesis, we know, was correct in this situation that this fluffy layer served as the main absorbant in the diaper. The fourth layer held about 10mL. of water. This is lower than the third layer but still a significant amount. Our guess that it was also for absorbancy along with comfort is correct. After we did our measurements we added them with our lab partners numbers. We found out that the whole diaper together could hold around 315mL. of liquid. Besides all these numbers, we have some interesting information about diapers you may not have known. Did you know that in the majority of states in the US throwing disposable diapers away in landfills is illegal? The waste could infest water leaking out of the dumps with bacteria and viruses. Some of the bacteria that infests the water could even be bad enough to kill a human. On top of the health risks 80% of the American diaperings are done with disposable diapers. That's 18 billion a year! If disposable diapers would be thrown into dumps there would be an extra 82,000 tons of plastic, and 1.3 million tons of wood pulp. Just think of the amount of area that would be consumed in this case. That will be all for our lovely diaper story, thanks for reading. (: