Jensen+C

flat =Cheek Lab Homework= Did everyone in your group have about the same extraction results? Why is this the case? How is the amount of DNA that you extracted affected by your day to day activities?

Not everyone in my group had the same extraction results. This could be affected by many different variables. It could depend on what you ate before, if you had been chewing gum, how hard you brushed your teeth, if you used mouthwash, and how hard you scraped the sides of your cheeks while swishing. The amount of DNA that I extracted is affected by my day-to-day activities. The amount of DNA can depend on what I eat and drink, how many times I brush my teeth, if I had a retainer, braces, or rubber bands, and the gum I chew. I released the most DNA out of my entire group. Allie released the least. It all depends on the variables that I stated above. =DNA Infographic= Cited Sources: [] double helix [] sun fact [] glue =DNA Model =

DNA is so simple! First, strands of DNA are broken apart and proteins keep them from coming together again. Think of it as being unzipped. Now there are two strands, the leading and lagging strand. Where the two strands meet is the replication fork, like a fork in the road. The leading strand always goes first. Enzymes, which help out with reactions, replicate the leading strand of DNA towards the fork. Next, the lagging strand is replicated in the opposite direction. It is replicated in fragments as DNA is unzipped and a substance called ligase fills in the gaps. When replication is finished, you end up with two new strands of DNA. Now was that so hard?
 * DNA Summary:**

DNA replication is very important! It is used to make new cells. It is used to pass on genetic material from generation to generation. DNA replication occurs in the Interphase stage of Mitosis. Telomeres protect chromosomes containing DNA. They keep the ends of chromosomes from connecting to each other. Okazaki fragments are used in replication on the lagging strand of DNA. When the DNA starts to unzip, more 3’ ends are available. Okazaki fragments are built off of it. When more is unzipped, more fragments are made. DNA ligase is the glue of replication. It fills in the gaps between Okazaki fragments and makes them stick together. Telomerase adds telomere repeat sequences to the 3’ end of strands of DNA. This enzyme enables DNA polymerase to replicate. They are generally found in unicellular eukaryotes. Cancer occurs when normal tissue grows out of control. Most cancers have telomerase and these cells divide more than they should causing tumor growth. Transplanted Cells is removing bad cells and replacing them with good cells. The problem with this is that after a period time, these “good” cells die out. Cloning in humans has not seemed to work, but it did in a sheep named Dolly. She was cloned from a nucleus taken from an adult sheep. Human cloning is so hard because we are a lot more complex than sheep are. With aging, telomeres shrink a little bit after each cycle of mitosis.
 * Some DNA information:**

=Diseases Infographic= Info Sources: [] [] [] [] [|http://www.medicinenet.com/multiple_sclerosis/page4.htm#7howis] [] []

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