Nasty+Ninjas

flat =Members= Jared B. Colton R. Ben D. Dylan S.

=Twig Lab=

1. The age of our twigs is 4 years old and 3 years old. 2. It has not grown the same in each year. 3. The weather in that trees environment could have had different conditions, which would effect its growth. 4. There are two at each node. 5. The tree's leaves were opposite. 6. There are twelve nodes on this twig. 7. No because some have two and some have three. 8. The arrangement is the same, but they don't have the same number of bundle scars. 9. The lenticels exchange gases and are located in the internode. 10. There purpose is to produce new twigs off of the original twig.



=Monocots and Dicots Lab=

Questions: 1. Can you find the young leaves inside the seed? 2. How many are there? 3. Which part of the seed do you think is the seed coat?
 * Corn Seed**

Answers: 1. Yes 2. 1 3. The outside shell

Questions: 1. Can you find the young leaves inside the seed? 2. How many are there? 3. Which part of the seed do you think is the seed coat?
 * Lima Bean**

Answers: 1. No 2. None 3. It doesn't have a seed coat

Question: 1. Monocot or Dicot? Explain Why it is?
 * Split Pea**

Answers: 1. Its is a Monocot because it only has one seed inside, which makes it a monocot.


 * Stem Slides**

=Thumb Wars Infographic=

=Thumb Wars Video=

media type="file" key="Movie on 2011-09-21 at 12.53

=Herbaceous and Woody Stems=

Herbaceous Monocots- Carrots and Radishes Dicots- Kiwis and Sunflowers

Woody stems Monocots- Pumpkins and Coconuts Dicots- Live Oak and Sugar Maple

=Characteristics of Living Things Lab=


 * Questions**

1. Why did the bromothymol blue change colors when a classmate exhaled into the test tube?

2. What does the production of carbon dioxide gas in the one flask indicate about the yeast?

3. How can you **be sure** that the carbon dioxide gas was produced by the yeast?

4. What does the presence of buds indicate about the yeast?

5. Why were more buds present in one of the mixtures?


 * Answers**
 * 1) The reason why the bromothymol blue changed colors is because the Co2 in his breath reacts with the water, creating carbonic acid, to make the blue shade turn to a light yellow.
 * 2) In flask C, it indicates that the molasses is pushing the yeast and the carbon dioxide to the top, which is going into the test tube, which makes the blue bromothymol change/start to go to green and then yellow.
 * 3) The reason why you know that yeast produces carbon dioxide gases is because when baking bread with yeast it will rise because of the carbon dioxide being produced by it.
 * 4) It indicates that the yeast is reproducing. It is splitting into a copy of itself. This shows that it is reproducing which makes it a living organism.
 * 5) More of them where present in one mixture because yeast was added to two of the mixtures. The yeast uses budding as a form of reproduction. The one with just molasses does not have budding.


 * Beginning Observation**

Flask A: It is a pale white, with yeast and water mixed together. Flask B: It is a dark brown, with molasses and water mixed together. Flask C: It is a caramel/tan brown, with yeast, molasses, and water mixed together.




 * Data:**

In flask C, the bromothymol blue turned yellow because the carbon dioxide, that was produced from the yeast, turned it from a base to an acid.


 * Budding Yeast**

=Animal and Plant Cells=

Shape and Arrange: The cells are rectangular and are arranged in stacks.
 * Onion Cell**

Adding Salt to the Onion Cell: The membrane shruck because the salt sucked all of the water from the cell.

Cell Size: The cell size is 75 um.

Shape and Arrange: The cells are circular and some are folded. They are scatter around.
 * Cheek Cell**

Purpose of the Iodine/Methylene blue: The purpose of the the solutions were used to view the cheek cells. Without the solution then it would have not been possible or hard to view the cells.

Cell Size: The size of this cell is 83.33 um.

=Cell Transport Lab=

The sausage and the water with the iodine were together. The sausage and the iodine used diffusion and the sausage turned black and the water with the iodine turn a lighter shade. This Refers to Picture 4.

The two potatoes used osmosis when they were in the same beaker as the two types of water. The one potatoes that was in the salt water turned blackish and had salt all-over it. The reason why it turned blackish is because it got all dried out. And the other potato that was in the regular tap water was the same as it was when it entered the water. The reason why it was normal is because it had the same percent of normal water. This refers to picture 2 and 3.

Picture one is a before picture of the lab.

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=Cell Model=

=Protists=


 * Spitostomum**


 * Blepharisma**


 * Euglena**

Euglena Info.- http://www2.mcdaniel.edu/Biology/botsyl01/microalg/euglenaf/euglena.html Blepharisma Info.- http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artnov04macro/jhblepharisma.html Spirostomum Info- http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artoct98/spiro.html
 * Cite Sources:**

=Cell Size Lab=


 * Data Table:**
 * Cube Size || Surface Area of Cube || Volume of Cube || Surface area to volume ratio || Distance of diffusion || Rate of diffusion ||
 * 1x1x1 || 6 || 1 || 6:1 || .5mm || .05 ||
 * 2x2x2 || 24 || 8 || 3:1 || .5mm || .05 ||
 * 3x3x3 || 54 || 27 || 2:1 || .5mm || .05 ||

Volume= length x Width x Height Surface Area= 6s squared Surface area to volume ratio= put volume and surface area together and then simplify Distance of diffusion= measure from outside in with centimeters Rate of diffusion= divide the distance of diffusion by 10
 * Work Space:**


 * Analysis:**

1. Compare and contrast the three cubes after they were sliced in half.

2. Which "cell" seemed to be most and least efficient at getting outside substances into the cell? Explain.

3. Which of your calculations seems to explain what you observed in your cell models? Why do you think so?

4. Speculate on a relationship between cell size and efficiency. Your statement should resemble a hypothesis. (Remember: Use an If....., then..... statement.)

1) The larger cube was about .5 mm. the way though all the way around. The medium cube was also .5 mm. the way though all the way around. The smallest cube was .5 mm. as well but it was the whole way though. The larger the cell volume effected how far the substance penetrated to the middle. The middle cell went in just a little farther to the middle but not the whole way, and the smallest cell went the whole way to the middle because of its volume. 2) The smallest cell was the most efficient and the larger was the least efficient, this is because it has different volume but all the cells absorbed the same amount the smaller cell got the substance into the middle. 3) The volume because the volume is so much smaller, for the smallest cell, than the other two cells so it wouldn’t take as long as it would for the other cells to absorb. 4) If the cell is smaller then it will be able to absorb substances faster. This is is because the smaller the cell is then the less the substance has to travel to reach the center of the cell. Even though the substance travel the same speed through bigger cells it takes longer to get to the center because the diameter is further than in the smaller cell

=Catalase=


 * Data Table**

Answer the following questions:
 * 1) Write the equation for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.
 * 2) What large group of biomolecules (carbohydrate, lipid, or protein) does catalase belong to? What do members of this group have in common?
 * 3) Is it possible to reuse biomolecules like catalase? Explain.
 * 4) How did the amount of reaction change between room temperature, warm, and cold hydrogen peroxide?
 * 5) What happens to an organism if biomolecules like catalase become useless? Explain

>
 * 1) The equation is H2O2 --> H2O+O. (the 2's are supposed to be subscript)
 * 2) Catalase belongs to the group of proteins
 * 3) I noticed that the hot water bubbled up higher, then came the room temperature, it bubbled only about half way. finally at cold temperature, and it hardly bubbled at all. So I feel that the hooter it is the more that it will bubble
 * 1) I noticed that the hot water bubbled up higher, then came the room temperature, it bubbled only about half way. finally at cold temperature, and it hardly bubbled at all. So I feel that the hooter it is the more that it will bubble


 * Hot**
 * Cold**
 * Room Temp**

=Penny Surface Tension=


 * Data**

= =
 * Penny Pictures**

=Light Intensity Activity=

0% || 1 ATP 3% || 1 ATP 6% || 1 ATP 9% || 1 ATP 12% || 2 ATP 15% || 0% || 1 ATP 3% || 1 ATP 6% || 1 ATP 9% || 1 ATP 12% || 2 ATP 15% || 0% || 2 ATP 17% || 3 ATP 34% || 4 ATP 51% || 5 ATP 68% || 6 ATP 85% || 0% || 1 ATP 0.6% || 1 ATP 1.2% || 1 ATP 1.8% || 1 ATP 2.4% || 1 ATP 3% ||
 * || 0 || 40 || 80 || 120 || 160 || 200 ||
 * 450 || 0 ATP
 * 550 || 0 ATP
 * 650 || 0 ATP
 * 750 || 0 ATP

What are the best possible conditions for making the maximum of ATP?
 * 425 wave length and 200 light intensity**


 * Hypothesis: If the higher the brightness and wave length, then the higher percent and amount of ATP.**


 * Conclusion: It didn’t matter about the wave length, but the higher the sun light intensity the higher the percent would be.**

=**Chromatography Lab**=




 * RF Factor Data Table:**
 * || Centimeter || RF Factor ||
 * End || 4 1/2 || 1 ||
 * Green || 4 || .88 ||
 * Yellow || 2.75 || .61 ||
 * Light Yellow || 1.65 || .36 ||
 * Yellow/Green || 4.25 || .94 ||

= =
 * || Centimeter || RF factor ||
 * Yellow || 5.5 || 0.833333333333333 ||
 * dark green || 5 || 0.916666666666667 ||
 * green || 4.5 || 0.75 ||