Dumbeldore's+Army

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flat Members Katie Emily Lauren Cassidy

=Twig #1= Cassidy and Emily

10. to let air in and allow the tree to breathe
 * 1) The twig’s age is 5 years
 * No
 * 1) Because amounts of rain and sunlight vary each year, so the growth rate is going to be different.
 * 2) 1 leaf scar
 * 3) opposite
 * 4) 4 nodes each growing season
 * 5) yes
 * no
 * 1) they are random

=Twig #2= Lauren and Katie 10.to let air into the bark
 * 1) 5 years
 * No
 * 1) Growing varied depending on the weather for the year
 * 2) 1 leaf scar
 * 3) oppostie
 * 4) 4 nodes
 * 5) yes
 * no, but the arrangement is the same
 * 1) they are random

=Infographics=



=Monocot and Dicot Lab=
 * Corn Seed:**



1. Can you find the young leaves inside the seed? How many are there? Which part of the seed do you think is the seed coat? Yes, we could find the leaves. We found 2 of them. The outside shell is the seed coat. (the yellow/red outer ring)


 * Bean Seed:**



1. Yes we could find the young leaves. There was one leaf. The seed coat is the outer coating around the seed (the beige outer shell)


 * Split Pea Seed:**

1. No, we did not find the young leaves in the split pea. The seed coat is the outer shell of the pea.

Monocot: Dicot: 1. What is the difference between a monocot and dicot stem? What is the function of each of these tissues? The difference is that a monocot has a single cotyledon, and the dicot has two cotyledons. The epidermis protects the underlying tissues, the cuticle prevents the desiccation of inner tissues and thus prevents water loss, the stomata allows gaseous exchange for the processes of respiration and photosynthesis.
 * Stem Slides:**

http://www.bcb.uwc.ac.za/Sci_Ed/grade10/anatomy/stems.htm http://landscaping.about.com/cs/lazylandscaping/g/herbaceous.htm

Stems of herbaceous and woody stems do indeed differ from each other a herbaceous stem is a green pliable stem with a thin green epidermis woody stems on the other hand are covered In a strong bark.
 * Herbaceous and woody stems**

= Characteristics of Life Lab: = Photo #1 Photo #2
 * 1) The blue turned yellow because the carbon dioxide reacted with the water making Carbonic Acid.
 * 2) The yeast is using respiration to give of carbon dioxide.
 * 3) The yeast that had now activated turned the water yellow meaning it to be acidic but if the yeast hadn’t done it then the others would be yellow to.
 * 4) That the yeast is reproducing
 * 5) Because the sugar and warm water and yeast was present, which are perfect growing condition for the yeast but in the other only warm water and yeast was present, and in one no yeast was present.

=Onion Cell= This picture shows the onion cell with the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and cell wall labeled.
 * The shape of onion cells is rectangular.
 * When the salt solution is added to the cell the membrane begins to shrink due to loss of water.
 * The cells size on low power was 375 microns.

=Cheek Cell= This picture is courtesy of the JaJos. This picture is a cheek cell showing the nucleus, the cell membrane, and the cytoplasm.

1. Describe the shape and arrangement of the cheek cells. Cheek cells are round. The arrangement is the cells are spread out.

2.What was the purpose of adding the Lugol's iodine or Methylene blue to the slide? The purpose was to make the cells visible.

=Cell Transport= This is the before picture for osmosis and diffusion. The first beaker contained tap water and a slice of potato, the second beaker had a salt solution and a potato in it, and the final beaker had a tube with a starch solution in it and water and iodine. This is the after picture for diffusion. The tube contained starch and when the iodine entered the tube and turned the starch black.

The tube went through the process of diffusion. When we added the iodine to the water with the “sausage” in it, the iodine turned the starch black. That happened because the iodine is an indicator that shows when starch is present. The iodine entered into the “sausage” because the dialysis tube acts as the cell membrane, which is selectively permeable.

The potatoes are examples of osmosis. The potato on the left is hypertonic and the right is hypotonic

The potatoes under went the process of osmosis. The potato on the left was placed in a salt solution, in which the water was taken out of the potato, and the salt entered in, therefore making it hypertonic and causing the potato to turn brown and shrink. While the potato on the right was placed in a beaker with tap water, and the water was entering the potato, making it hypotonic and also making it sturdier and harder.

=Cell Diagram= =Protist lab= 1. It feeds on bacteria, and is found in ponds 2. It is one of the largest protist growing up to 3mm 3. reproduces by binary fission 4. The protist we saw were 750 microns http://www.freebase.com/view/en/spirostomum

information found on- http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/565323/Stentor
 * Stentor: Interesting Facts**
 * Lives in fresh water
 * Usually free swimming or attached to submerged vegetation
 * Usually predominantly blue, because of a blue pigment, stentorin, found in it's ectoplasm
 * It was 1500 microns

Interesting Facts on Paramecium: 1. They are famous for their predator-prey relationship with Didnium. 2. It has an oval, slipper shape, with a rounded top and a point at the bottom. 3. The paramecium moves by spiraling through the water on an invisible axis. 4. This was 150 microns. Information found at: http://101science.com/paramecium.htm

=Cell Size Lab=


 * Cube Size || Area of Cube || Volume of cube || Surface area to volume ratio || Distance of Diffusion || Rate of Diffusion ||
 * 3x3x3 || 3x3x6 = **54 sq cm** || 3x3x3 = **27 sq cm** || 54/27 = **2;1** || .5 cm || .5/10 = .05 cm/minute ||
 * 2x2x2 || 2x2x6 = **24 sq cm** || 2x2x2 = **8 sq cm** || 24/8 = **3;1** || .5 cm || .5/10 = .05 cm/minute ||
 * 1x1x1 || 1x1x6 = **6 sq cm** || 1x1x1 = **1 sq cm** || 6/1 = **6;1** || .5 cm || .5/10 = .05 cm/minute ||

=Enzyme Lab=
 * 1) After the cubes were sliced in half that the sodium hydroxide had gone through diffusion into the cell .5 centimeters.
 * 2) It seemed as though the little cell had the most taken in but in reality it was the same liquid going into the same type of thing so it all went in at the same rate the size of the cube I visually confusing when it comes to which block took in the most sodium hydroxide.
 * 3) The ratio explained what we saw because the smaller the cubed the more it looked like it was consumed by the liquid which is explained by the ratio’s.
 * 4) If the cube size is smaller then diffusion can consume more of it more efficiently.

The before photo of the lab

This is a photo of after we tested with room temperature hydrogen peroxide

This is the photo after we tested with cold hydrogen peroxide



This is the photo after we tested with hot hydrogen peroxide Beans: the room temperature caused a reaction of 1 the cold caused a reaction of 1.5 and the warm caused a reaction of .5 Ground beef: The room temperature caused a reaction of 2.3 the cold caused a reaction of 3 and the warm caused a reaction of 1.8 Potato: the room temperature caused a reaction of 1.7 the cold caused a reaction of 2 and the warm caused a reaction of .6 5. They would die because they couldn’t break down their food.
 * Analysis questions**
 * 1) The equation for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide is H2O + O2.
 * 2) Catalase belongs to protein; they all do stuff.
 * 3) Yes, they can be broken apart and put back together in the enzymes.
 * 4) Liver: room temperature caused a reaction of 3.5 the cold caused a reaction of a 5 and the warm caused a 3 reaction.

=Penny Lab= This picture shows the penny with the soapy water on it. Our hypothesis for the penny with the soapy water was 35 drops. We tested it four times and calculated an average of how many drops of water it could contain. These are the results: First Trial: 16 drops Second Trial: 17 drops Third Trial: 13 drops Fourth Trial: 12 drops Average Amount of Soapy Water Droplets a Penny can hold: 14.5 drops

This picture shows the penny with regular water on it. Our original hypothesis for the penny with regular water on it was 27 drops.We ran four trials to find out how many drops a penny could hold. Here are the results. First Trial: 19 Drops Second Trial: 19 Drops Third Trial: 21 Drops Fourth Trial: 24 Drops Average Amount of Drops: 20.75 Drops

=Light Intensity= I G H T
 * L

I N T E N S I T Y |||||||||| Wavelength || %: 1.5 || ATP: 1 %: 1.5 || ATP: 1 %: 8.5 || ATP: 1 %: .3 || %: 4.5 || ATP: 1 %: 4.5 || ATP: 1 %: 25.5 || ATP: 1 %: .9 || %: 7.5 || ATP: 1 %: 7.5 || ATP: 3 %: 42.5 || ATP: 1 %: 1.5 || %: 10.5 || ATP: 1 %: 10.5 || ATP: 3 %: 59.5 || ATP: 1 %: 2.1 || %: 13.5 || ATP: 1 %: 13.5 || ATP: 4 %: 76.5 || ATP: 1 %: 2.7 || %: 15 || ATP: 1 %: 15 || ATP: 4 %: 85 || ATP: 1 %: 3 || -200- light intensity; 425- wavelength -We think that the best conditions are when the wavelength value is lower and the light intensity is higher =Chromatography= Leaf 1 (Emily & Cass) - A; .5 B; 3.5 C; 1.5 Leaf 2 (Katie & Lauren) - A; 2.5 B; 2 This picture shows Cassidy and Emily's filtered paper after it was taken out of the ethanol.
 * ^  ||   || 450 || 550 || 650 || 750 ||
 * ^  || 20 || ATP: 1
 * ^  || 60 || ATP: 1
 * ^  || 100 || ATP: 1
 * ^  || 140 || ATP: 1
 * ^  || 180 || ATP: 1
 * ^  || 200 || ATP: 1
 * What are the best possible conditions for making the maximum ATP?**
 * Hypothesize what values you believe are the best conditions for making the maximum ATP?**
 * Measured in centimeters

This picture shows Katie and Lauren's filtered paper while it was in the ethanol.

This picture shows Katie and Lauren's filtered paper after it was taken out of the ethanol.