Corey+and+Trevor

flat =Members= Ethan Ambler Dakota Thomas

=DNA Extraction From Cheek Cell Lab=

Discussion Questions:
=DNA Replication Model =
 * 1) The 5 elements that make up DNA are Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus.
 * 2) The function of DNA from day to day is to store and transmit genetic material and information that tells cells which proteins to make.
 * 3) Long strands of double-helical DNA fit into the nucleus of a single cheek cell because they coil and wrap around proteins called histones
 * 4) The purpose of the cell lysis solution was to abstract the DNA from the Gatorade/cheek cell mixture
 * 5) The DNA becomes more visible when the alcohol is added because DNA is not soluble in the alcohol, therefore; the alcohol mixes with the rest of the solution and dissolves the other substances and leaves the non-soluble DNA separate from the Gatorade and other substances.
 * 6) We are able to see the DNA during this exercise because there is a lot of DNA clumped together, which makes it larger.
 * 7) DNA is referred to as your genetic fingerprint because everyone’s DNA is different, just like everyone’s fingerprints are different. In crime scenes they collect DNA and fingerprints to identify the victim or criminal.
 * 8) DNA is used everyday in crime scenes. It is used to identify the criminal or victim since everyone has different DNA. Also, DNA is used to identify the birth parents of children because the children would share some DNA characteristics with their parents. Also, it can be used to see if you have a certain disease or sickness because the virus has DNA so you would be able to tell what virus it is by examining its DNA

Summary
DNA replication is a simple process to understand. This process splits a singles strand of DNA into two identical strands. The process starts with an enzyme called helicase. Helicase splits the DNA apart and breaks apart the hydrogen bonds. These two strands are called the leading and the lagging strands. The next step is when the single stranded binding proteins attach to the two strands to keep them from joining back together. The following step in the replication process is that another enzyme called Primase, attaches to the leading strand and gives the starting point for replication. From this starting point, the next step begins. The enzyme, polymerase binds and with the leading strand and then replicates with DNA. It attaches the nucleotide pair with the nucleotide already there. That is the final step for the leading strand, next is the Lagging strand. First the primase creates the starting point on the lagging strand. Then the polymerase replicates the DNA but only in small fragments called Okazaki fragments. Then the ligase fuses the fragments together. Then the original strand is replicated into two identical strands. =Transcription & Translation Flip Book= media type="custom" key="12659930"

=Genetic vocab infographic= Dakota: links: [] [] http://www.flickr.com/photos/thekarchergroup/542799515/sizes/t/in/photostream/

Ethan:

Medaka Infograph Dakota 1st and Ethan 2nd

=Diaper Dissection Lab= Layer I- the elastic band part of the diaper that keeps the diaper intact and wraps around the baby. Layer II- the inside part of the diaper that keeps the beads in place inside of the cotton material. Layer III- the cotton and bead part of the diaper that holds most of the water layer IV- the bottom of the diaper that helps keep the other layer intact and does not allow water or gel from the beads to get through. Layer I prediction- Keeps diaper together and is a strong material. Water will run off of it. Layer II prediction- Absorbs a little water and keeps other layers compact. Layer III prediction- It is thick so it will hold a lot of water. The beads expand and absorb water. Layer IV- Bottom of diaper and holds the layers inside. Water will run off of this also.
 * Layers**
 * Predictions**

Layer I observation- Water runs off of it and is not absorbed. Layer II observation- Absorbs water and the water spreads out when it hits the layer. Layer III observation- It absorbs a lot of water. The beads expand and clump together to hold liquid. When the liquid hits the beads, they expand. Layer IV observation- Absorbs little water. Most of the water runs off of the layer.
 * Observations**

-It takes up to 500 years for disposable diapers to decompose. -It takes up a lot of room in landfills because they absorb so much water and when rain hits them they get bigger. -18 billion of disposable diapers are put into land fills each year. 82,00 tons of plastic each years and 1.3 tons of wood pulp are from these diapers. The plastic does not decompose, which causes a problem. -From the human waste in diapers, some of the land around the landfill can become harmful and have human bacteria.
 * Environmentel efects of disposable diapers on landfills**

-the beads look like crystals but they are squishy. -the beads hold most of the water that is absorbed. -the beads get many times bigger than its starting size when it absorbs water. -the bead layer is in the middle so it does not get onto the baby. -the outer layers hold the beads inside and make sure beads don't run out -the rest of the diaper held about 540 ml before we stopped putting water into it so it would not break. But, we researched it and we found out that a diaper can hold almost 100 times its weight.
 * Other Observations**