NTHB

toc =Members:= Jon I. Jacob =**DNA Cheek Cells Lab**=

Questions
> Nucleotide, sugar, nitrogen bases, phosphoric acid, double helix > To tell the cells what they need to do. > It is twisted up so its compacted, then wound around the X shape, then put into the nucleus. > To free the DNA from its shape. > It unwinds the DNA from the shape its in, to make it bigger. > The alcohol unwinds it to make it bigger. > Because each person has different strands of DNA that have different instructions on it. > Babies are born everyday, which needs parents DNA. > The DNA has our instructions for living. > Picture: > >
 * 1) What are the 5 elements that make up DNA?
 * 1) What is the function of DNA from day to day?
 * 1) Describe how long strands of double-helical DNA fit into the nucleus of a single cheek cell.
 * 1) What was the purpose of using the cell lysis solution?
 * 1) Why does the DNA become visible once the alcohol is added?
 * 1) If DNA is so thin, how is it that we are able to see it during this simple lab exercise?
 * 1) Why is DNA referred to as your genetic fingerprint?
 * 1) Give some examples of how DNA is used everyday.

=DNA Replication Model =

DNA Replication Summary

First the helicase splits the original DNA strand into 2 different strands, the leading strand, and the lagging strand. Next the single strand binding proteins attach, and they keep the old strands from binding with each other. Then the DNA polymerase and the RNA primer attach to the leading strand and duplicates it completely. The Polymerase attaches to the 3” end, and then it can duplicate from the beginning to the end. On the lagging strand, the end is a 5” end, so the polymerase cannot attach to it. The DNA primase has to attach first, so the RNA primer can attach the other half of the DNA to make the 3” end that the DNA polymerase can work with. Then the DNA ligase joins the okazaki fragments to complete the lagging strand.

=Protein Synthesis Flipbook=

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=Genetics Vocab Infographic=

=Genetic Traits Infographic=



=Medaka Infographic=



=Diaper Dissection= First, we cut open one end of the diaper to see what layers there were, so we cut a 2-inch by 2-inch square out of one end, and then found the layers of the diaper. Layer one was a cloth like material that absorbs some water, but does not expand any. Layers two and three are cotton, with a gel substance in-between them. These two layers expand to absorb water. They expanded enough to hold 100 ml of water when we poured it on half the diaper. The outside layer is like paper, but it has a waxy feeling to it, which lets it hold the water in the diaper. To test if the layers would hold water, we used 4 cm of water from a pipette, and the first, second, and third layers all held them, but the fourth layer held no water, it repelled it all. Next, we decided to pour some water on the diaper 200 ml of water at a time, and we poured 1000 ml of water on the diaper and it expanded until the gel started pouring out the hole that we cut.

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Disposable diapers can affect many different effects on the environment and people alike. First off all, in the making of disposable diapers, over 200,000 trees each year are used to make them. It also take 3.4 billions gallons of oil to make them. 20 billion diapers are in landfills each year. That equals out to 3.5 million tons of waste.======

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Diapers can decompose in landfills when exposed to oxygen and sunlight, but they do not compose very well, decomposing in about 500 years. They can contaminate the ground water around the landfills, and any baby’s feces can get into and contaminate local water supplies. Disposable Diapers also release methane into the air.======

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The diapers release toxic chemicals, like toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and dipentene. Those chemicals have been related to bad effects on human health. Dioxin is found in diapers, which is known to cause cancer.======