The+two+blind+mice

= = flat =Members= Shaina Painter Alyssa Reitz

=DNA Extraction from Human Cheek Cell=

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1. The five elements that make up DNA are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. 2. The function of DNA from day to day is to store genetic information what to do and what type of proteins to make. 3. Long strands of double-helix DNA fit in the nucleus of a single cheek cell because it starts as wrapped proteins called histones which forms a helix when it coils up causing it to fold and fit inside the nucleus. 4. The purpose of using the cell lysis solution is it causes the cell membrane to burst open and release the DNA inside. 5. DNA becomes visible once the alcohol is added because it precipitates out of the solution. 6. We are able to see the DNA in this simple lab exercise even though they are so small because the solution cause the membrane to burst and the DNA come together with the alcohol causing it to be close and big enough for us to see. 7. DNA is referred to as your genetic fingerprint because everyone has a different type of DNA just like everyone has a different type of fingerprint nobody has the same. 8. DNA is used everyday in crime scenes, to help you find who your family ancestors are, and it could help find if you have a genetic type of disease.

=DNA Replication Model = Summary The replication process for DNA starts with the helicase. The helicase is and enzyme that breaks apart the hydrogen bonds in the DNA. Next single stranded binding proteins keep the strand in the DNA from combining back together. After that primase another enzyme attaches to the DNA and binds to it to form a starting point. Then the enzyme polymerse binds and attaches to the DNA and replicates the DNA to form more. Lastly okazaki fragments join and are kept together by ligase causing more DNA to be replicated and made for the process of replication.

Want to know more DNA information? Here is some. The interphase stage of mitosis occurs in replication. Telomeres occurs on the edge of DNA on the chromosome. Okazaki fragments help to form the new DNA. They are formed on the lagging strand of DNA they help to replicate the DNA. Ligase is between the okazaki fragments and it helps them to stay together to form the new DNA. Telomerase is an enzyme which helps the DNA sequence to repeat itself, it carries its own RNA molecule, and are found at eukaryotic chromosomes ends. Cancer is a disease with unregulated cell growth,they form tumors, and most contain telomerase. Transplanted Cells are removed and later put back in, but after a series of mitotic divisions they die out. Cloning a sheep had a telomere that were not the same length they were shortened. Aging is the telomeres cell shrinking with the mitosis cell do not grow as much and then they begin to die.

In the picture below an enzyme called Helicase splits the DNA in half to start the process. In the picture above a single stranded binding protein keeps strand of DNA from coming back together.

In the picture below primase binds and forms a starting point for the leading strand. IN the picture above Polymerase binds and replicates DNA. In the picture above Okazaki and ligase enzyme join the okazaki fragments to form the new DNA. =Translation and Transcription Flipbook= media type="custom" key="12666102" =Genetics Infographic= Vocabulary Sources http://www.flickr.com/photos/95102015@N00/44837052/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/tzofia/2399635935/lightbox/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/26907150@N08/6406161063/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/29865808@N00/1691326830/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/37062207@N04/4902305791/



=Medaka Infographic= ==

=Diaper Dissection= Diaper Dissection First we cut the diaper in half. We took one half and ripped it into three pieces. The first layer was thin and soft for the baby’s butt. We predicted it would hold 3 mL of water, but it only held 1 mL. After we poured the water on it, it went right through the fabric. Next we took the second layer, which was a cotton like material that absorbs the liquid. We predicted it would hold 25 mL, but it actually held 52 mL. When we dumped the water on the cotton material it came together, began to fall apart and the polyacrylate turned to a salt like material. The third layer of the diaper was a protective layer that kept the liquid from running out of the diaper. We predicted that it would hold 10 mL of water, but it actually held 100 mL. When we dumped the water on it, it just lay there and became a puddle until it couldn’t hold anymore. We took the other half of the diaper and poured water on it. We predicted that it would hold 275 mL of water, but it actually held 293 mL. When we dumped the water on the half diaper it absorbed the water and became very large and heavy.

Environmental Effects There are many environment effects of disposable diapers on landfills. It will take a diaper 500 years to decompose. Waste in the diaper can contaminate ground water, also viruses can get into water supplies. Atmospheric radiation measurement program says landfills produce greenhouse gases, which effect climate. The diapers give off methane into the air and can be explosive and flammable. The giving off of methane is dangerous because when you breathe it in, it replaces oxygen.

Other Observations Some other observations that we noticed were that the diaper would hold a lot if it was a full diaper and not just half. Also we noticed that when the cotton part was ripped the salt looking materials fell out of it.