Team+Sweatpants

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Cielo =Weaver= =DNA extraction from human cheek cell= > -Answer: Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus > -Answer: The function is it guides the cell in making new proteins that determine all of our biological traits. > -Answer: The double-helical shape means that it is in a spiral form, meaning more can fit into a smaller space. > -Answer: It made the line with the alcohol so you could see where the DNA formed. > -Answer: DNA becomes visible once the alcohol is added because DNA is insoluble in the cold alcohol solution and precipitates out of the solution. > -Answer: You use the cell lysis solution to break down the cell structures which gives you access to the nucleus, which contains DNA. > -Answer: DNA is referred to as your genetic fingerprint because it contains all of your genetic information. > -Answer: DNA is used everyday by genetic replication, scientist, lawyers, and criminal investigation.
 * 1) What are the 5 elements that make up DNA?
 * 1) What is the function of DNA from day to day?
 * 1) Describe how long strands of double-helical DNA fit into the nucleus of a single cheek cell.
 * 1) What was the purpose of using the cell lysis solution?
 * 1) Why does the DNA become visible once the alcohol is added?
 * 1) If DNA is so thin, how is it that we are able to see it during this simple lab exercise?
 * 1) Why is DNA referred to as your genetic fingerprint?
 * 1) Give some examples of how DNA is used everyday.

=DNA Replication Model = DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, is a double-stranded, it is in the shape of a twisted ladder. There are 4 steps to the replication of DNA. Step one is to break apart the hydrogen bonds, to form the replication fork. The replication fork is where the helicase breaks DNA strands apart, and the single stranded binding proteins. The second step of DNA replication is that the single stranded binding proteins attach. The single stranded binding proteins are a flower shaped structure, what they do is keep the strand from coming back together. The third step is to attach primase this is an enzyme that gives a starting point for the replication to occur. You must always attach the primase on the 3’ (three prime) end of the leading DNA strand. The fourth step of DNA replication is when it attaches the polymerase to the leading strand adding nucleotides to each side of the DNA strand. The lagging strand does the same thing except for it only adds short bursts of replicated DNA, these are called Okazaki Fragments. The DNA ligase fills in to make a full strand of DNA. This is the four easy steps to DNA replication. DNA replication occurs in the S stage of Mitosis. This stage occurs during the Interphase.



=Genetics Infographics:=











=Did you know article= Did you know how many layers a diaper had? Diapers have five different layers. The first layer is the inside layer which we called the baby layer it was a cottony layer with a rough paper back. The second layer, is the first cotton layer that helps absorb water. The third layer, is the gel-like layer that expands when you add water to it. The forth layer, is the second cotton layer which also helps absorb water once it gets through the first and the gel-like layer. The final layer is the waterproof layer, the outside is the rough designed side of the diaper. We had a procedure of five steps: Cut down the center of the diaper, Identify the layers, put water on (two droppers full) inside to watch the diaper expand, all of the cotton turns into gel, on the back side of the diaper we used 150mL of water to watch the diaper expand. Just to prove that the diapers hold the water we tried to squeeze the water out and not a ounce of water dropped out of the diaper. Most of the functions we predicted happened. We predicted that the layers would protect the baby from getting wet, help absorb water, watch the gel expand, absorb water, and not let the water out. None of our predictions were wrong all of them were observed as they were predicted. Did you know that by using plastic diapers you can save our environment from polluting the land fills, and taking up space that you can recycle, or use less of them.