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flat =Team Members:= Brooke Elissa

=Cheek Cell DNA Lab=

The five elements that make up DNA are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The function of DNA from day to day is to pass genetic information from cell to cell and to give the cell instructions for its function in the body. Long strands of double-helical DNA fit into the nucleus of a single cheek cell when they are compacted into chromosomes. This is when the strands wrap around a protein, called a histone. The purpose of using the cell lysis solution was to break down the cell and extract the DNA. The DNA becomes visible once the alcohol is added because it clumps together. We are able to see DNA in this lab because the DNA compacts, into a large mass, so that we can see it. DNA is referred to as your genetic fingerprint because it can be used to identify you by your traits. DNA is used every day to identify people involved in crime scenes, and for paternity tests.

= Replication Model =



DNA replication starts with the breaking of the hydrogen bond using helicase, or the enzyme that breaks apart DNA. The next step is to attach single stranded binding proteins to keep strands from coming together. Then the primase attaches to give a starting point. The primase attaches to the leading strand. Next, polymerase binds and begins to replicate DNA. The fragments of DNA on the lagging strand are called Okazaki fragments. The replication of the lagging strand contains Okazaki fragments and the Ligase binds the fragments together.

Telomeres are long stretches at the ends of the chromosome. Okazaki fragments synthesize DNA. DNA Ligase is when it stitches the Okazaki fragments together. Telomerase is an enzyme that adds telomere repeat sequences to the 3’ end of DNA strands. Cancer a genetic disease when the cells contain mutated genes. Transported cells are cells removed from one person and given to another. Cloning is the process of copying something to get an exact copy. Aging is the process of getting older.

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=Genetics Infographic= [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/][|Baby][|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/][|Freckles][|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitchhiker%27s_thumb#][|Variation][|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/][|Public_restroom][|http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=][|15495]
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=Embryology Infographic=



=Diaper Dissection Lab= First, we cut our diaper in half. After that, we began to separate the layers. Layer one appeared to be thin and have a consistency like thick toilet paper. Our hypothesis was that it would not have much water absorbancy. Our hypothesis was proved correct when 0 milliliters was absorbed. Next we took off layer two. It appeared to be fluffy and resembled smushed cotton balls. Our hypothesis was that it would have medium absorbancy. Our hypothesis was right with 25 milliliters being absorbed. Then we took off layer three. It appeared to be powdery and resembling salt or sugar. Our hypothesis was that it would have high absorbancy. Our hypothesis was 100% correct because it absorbed all of the 40 milliliters. We thought that this layer would hold the most. After that, we took off layer four. This was the outside layer and was soft and felt like a tissue. Our hypothesis was that it would have low absorbancy. Our hypothesis was correct when it held 15 milliliters.

When we tested to see how much water all of the layers combined could hold, we used the other half of the same diaper. Since this is the part that children actually wear, we hypothesized that it would hold about as much water as the sum of all of the layers. We poured on the water, in increments of 40-50mL each time, and ended up discovering that it could hold 320mL. The layers work much better when they are all combined! Although the diaper had great absorbency, its environmental impact does not follow the same trend. The environmental effects of these disposable diapers begins when they are being manufactured. The factories that produce diapers often emit toxic chemicals into the environment, creating things like smog in our air. The polyacrylate gel in diapers is also an environmental concern. Because it is relatively new, we really have no idea what it could be doing to our environment when these diapers are placed in landfills. It could even affect the health of babies nationwide! Finally, diapers are put in landfills at an average of 2.7 tons (non-biodegradable) per child. Next time you use a disposable diaper on your child or another child, please thing of the impact you are making on the environment. Is the convenience worth it to you?