Potter's+Army

Janell Rachel = = = = =Cheek Cell Lab=


 * 1) The 5 elements that make up DNA are Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Phosphors
 * 2) he function of DNA from day to day is to make up genes, and provide our body with the materials we need.
 * 3) They fit into the cheek cell because the chromosome shrinks it, and then it wraps around the histone
 * 4) The purpose of using the cell lysis, is to break the cell apart so we can see the DNA.
 * 5) The DNA becomes visible once we add the alcohol because the 2 layers form and more cells are broken, which in return causes it to be visible
 * 6) We are able to see it during this lab because the lysis is making it visible for us. It makes it bunch together so we can see it.
 * 7) DNA is referred to as your genetic fingerprint because nobody has that same DNA.
 * 8) DNA is used every day to help show who you are, if you have genetic disease, and if you will have dia

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=DNA Model =

This is a picture of the new dna



This is a picture of new DNA



This is a picture of the DNA being replicated by the polymerase and the primase



This is a picture of the DNA with the starting to un- zip. The single strand binding protein are attached

This is a picture of DNA before it starts to un-zip and replicate.

Summary

The fist thing you need to know is that our base pairs, go like this: Adenine and Guanine make purine (purine has two rings), and Thyme and Cytosine make pyrimidine (which has one ring). In order to start our replication process, we have to break apart the DNA using Helicase. Helicase is an enzyme that breaks apart DNA**.** So that means the first step in the process is breaking the hydrogen bonds (bonds that hold the DNA together) apart using Helicase.Now that we have the DNA and its bonds broken apart something has to go there to keep them from going together. We put what is called a Single Strand Binding Protein in place. A Single Strand Binding Protein keeps the DNA from going back together, which leads us to step number 2: Attach a Single Strand Binding Protein to keep the DNA from going back together.Step 3, is when primase attaches to give the replication a starting point.Our last step is number 4: polyermase binds and begins to replicate DNA. Polymase is an enzyme that replicates DNA. So know that we know all of that, here is some more useful information. When the DNA is broken, its broken into 2 strands that are called the leading strand and the lagging strand. The leading strand always goes first when being replicated. It also goes a different way than the lagging strand when its being replicated. Now, without further introduction here is the Replication of the Lagging Strand. Now when lagging DNA is being replicated, the polyemase comes along and makes little strands of DNA all along the lagging strand. After it has gotten to the end it goes back to the beginning and does the whole process over again. So, remember those little pieces of DNA that the polymase makes, well those are actually called Okazaki Fragments. DNA needs the fragments because it will make the lagging strand open up to get replicated. Then, we add this thing called Liqose. Liqose is what binds those little fragments together. And the whole process starts again!

Other Information
 * T ** elomerase is a complex component of RNA and protein. It is a single small nucleotide. I t catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template. Telomerase is found on the cells of the germline, unicellular eukaryote cells, and stem cells including cancer stem cells.

Cancer, the curcial thing that can be seen from cancer from normal tissue is its ability to grow indefinitely. Most cancers express telomerase.

The act of transporting cells is as followed. First they remove the cells from the patient, and then transform them with the gene fro the product that the patient has be unable to synthesize, and then they return them to the patient.

Aging causes people to get old.

Telomeres are long stretches at the end of chromosomes.Their steady shrinking might impose a finite life on a cell.

Okazaki Fragment is what is synthesized by DNA polymerase.

DNA Ligase is what stitches the Okazaki fragments together.

Cloning is when you make a copy of something to get an exact copy of it. That's what our DNA does, it gets a copy from our parents to make us.

Mutations that can occur are, if the base pairs don't pair up right, then it can alter the whole strand of DNA. Inserting mutations can occur. That is where extra fragments of DNA are added. Another example of mutations are DNA expression mutation. In that mutation proteins can be made in the wrong place, in the wrong cell at the wrong time. There are many types of mutations and are are costly.

=Genetics Info Graph=





=Fish Infographic=











=Diaper Lab=

¿Did you know this about diapers?
==== Today is Biology class; we had to do a diaper dissection. Through this we learned a lot more about diapers than we knew. Our task was to take diaper layers, apply water and wrote about what took place during the experiment. ==== ==== We had three layers in our diaper. Our first layer felt like a dryer sheet. Before the water was added, we said it was used to give cushion to the user. The first layer was able to hold 4 ml of water. Looking at the results our guess for the function hasn’t changed. The first layer look so soggy after the water, and felt heavier to. ==== ==== The second layer was like a cloud. It felt like cotton, and was very powdery. Our guess for the use was to absorb water. Layer 2 was able to hold 35 ml of water. Once again our guess didn’t change because if it wasn’t meant to absorb, then there was no way it could have held that much water. After the water, it became darker, a lot heavier, and it expanded. ==== ==== Our last Layer was the very outer layer of the diaper. This layer felt like sand paper. We said it was used more for a decoration than to absorb water or provide cushion. Layer 3 was able to hold 29 ml of water, which shocked us a bit. After adding the water we noticed that the it got soggy, and it got darker due to the water. Our guess didn’t change much. ==== ==== After testing each layer we were asked to test all 3 layers at the same time. The diaper being a hole felt like the perfect diaper because it combined all the three layers. The function we guessed for the diaper was for to hold all the water with little coming out. The diaper was able to hold 250 ml of water. After the water was added, we noticed it go SO much heavier than when it first started. Our guess didn’t change when it came to all three layers. ====

The impact a diaper has on the environment is very harsh. A diaper will make the earthwork harder to dispose of it. It is very non-biodegradable. It could harm our water system by polluting it with viruses.

In conclusion diapers are very useful when all together, but they don’t work very well separate. Diapers can also harm our environment a lot so we should always remember to take care of them instead of throwing them in a landfill.