The+Beatles

flat KimberlyB ElizabethE ErikaW JessamynM

=Characteristics of woody steams= 1. Count the sections between bud-scale scars and determine the age of your twig. Twig number 1 was 7 years old. Twig number 2 was 4 years old. 2. Has growth in length occurred the same rate each year? No. Both twigs did not grow the same length each year. 3. Why? For both twigs the bud scars are different in length each year. 4. Examine your twig and determine how many leaf scars are located at a node. Both have 14 leaf scars in each node. 5. Classify the leaf arrangement as opposite, alternate, or whorled Both have opposite leaf arrangement. 6. Examine the twig and determine the number of nodes produced for each growing season (the space between two nodes is called an internode.) There is one node per growing season on each one. 7. Is the same number of nodes each growing season ?

8. Do all the leaf scars have the same number of bundle scars and is the arrangement the same? Twig 1: No ; Twig 2: Yes 9. Describe the form and location of the lenticels. Twig 1: They are in between the leaf scar and they are in zigzag. Twig 2: The lenticels are all along the branch and are in the form of circles. 10. What is the function of the lenticels? Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide come out of the lenticels.

=The Beatles Infographic=

=Monocot and Dicot Lab= 1.Can you find the young leaves inside the seed? Yes. 2.How many are there? There is one young leaf. 3.Which part of the seed do you think is the seed coat? It is the rime or the front and back.

Try to open another corn seed like you did the bean seed.
 * 1) Can you do it? No. You can not.
 * 2) Why or why not? Because the seed coat is attached to the seed.


 * 1) Is this a monocot or a dicot? Dicot.
 * 2) Why? The pea is a dicot because they can be easily split into two parts.





= Herbaceous and Woody Stems = What is the difference between an herbaceous and a woody stem? List two examples that are monocots and 2 that are dicots for both herbaceous and woody stems

The herbaceous stems are green and fairly bendable. The woody stems as their name implies, are covered by bark. The herbaceous stem has more pith for its size. The cambium which causes woody stems to get bigger in width is not as active in the herbaceous stems. Most herbaceous plants are annuals or planted yearly. The herbaceous stem has little notches where leaves develop. Woody stems have scars where twigs and fruit have dropped off and little openings for transpiration.

Herbaceous: Carrot and Mint Woody: Trees and Shrubs

=Living and non-living things=

1. Why did the bromothymol blue change colors when a classmate exhaled into the test tube? 2. What does the production of carbon dioxide gas in the one flask indicate about the yeast? 3. How can you **be sure** that the carbon dioxide gas was produced by the yeast? 4. What does the presence of buds indicate about the yeast? 5. Why were more buds present in one of the mixtures?
 * Analysis/Conclusions: **

Answer: 1. It changed colors because he put carbon dioxide from his body that he made during respiration into the bromothymol blue causing a chemical reaction since the bromothymol blue is an indicator. 2. It indicates that the yeast is rising in the flask because it is giving of carbon dioxide and that is causing a chemical reaction with the bromothymol blue. 3. Because it is a living thing and it needs oxygen to carry out functions in the body so it preforms respiration with the oxygen and turns it into the carbon dioxide like humans. 4. That it is preforming asexual reproduction. In other words it is cloning itself, it is having a child so to speak. 5. There are more buds in flask C because the molasses is providing more food for the yeast so since there is more food the yeast can reproduce faster.



=Comparing Plants and Animals=

Onion Cell

Measure of the cell: 187.5 u m Questions: 1. Describe the shape and arrangement of the onion cells.(2) The shapes of the cells are rectangular, are long, and they are side by side. 2. What happened to the cells when concentrated salt solution was added to the cells? (1) Why do you think this happened?(1) The membrane shrunk and we think this happened because the salt dehydrated.

Cheek Cell This is a cheek cell, the measurement of which is 75Mm.

Questions: 1. Describe the shape and arrangement of the cheek cells.(2) The cheek cells are free floating and are circular. 2.What was the purpose of adding the Lugol's iodine or Methylene blue to the slide?(1) The purpose of methylene blue is that it allows us to see the cell better than normally if we looked under the microscope without the dye.

=Cell Transport Lab=

The solution is hypertonic and the cells are relatively hypotonic. The cells lost water by osmosis so water from inside the cells were drawn out in an attempt to equalize the concentrations on either side of the cell membrane. Diffusion is happening in the starch solution bag and iodine water. We can tell it is happening because the starch solution in the bag is starting to become black. The only way this could happen is if the iodine passed through the dialysis bag and mixed with the starch solution. We can tell that it is diffusion and not osmosis because osmosis only happens with water. Since this is iodine it cannot be osmosis and must be diffusion. It is happening because the content of the bag when it concerns iodine is hypotonic and the water is hypertonic so the iodine moved to achieve equilibrium. The reason that starch did not go out is because the bag is selectively permeable and the starch is to big so the water did not turn black because the starch did not go out.
 * Osmosis** in the beaker with potato, and the solution H2O+NaCl:

=Cell Model Picture= =Protist Lab= Euglena is a genus of flagellate protists that are unicellular. They are one of the best known and studied of the phylum Euglenozoa (or known as Euglenophyta). It is a diverse group made up of 44 genera and at least 8000 species. They can live in both salt and fresh water. They are sufficient to color of the surface of the ponds they live in. Information found at: [] //Euglena//'s size: 47um
 * //Euglena//**

They are among the largest unicellular organisms in the world, they can be 2 millimeters in size. They are generally a horn shape in the body and are associated with the “Greek Herald” as a result. They are usually attached to detritus such as algae. Source: [] //Stentor//'s size: 375 um
 * //Stentor//**

//**Spirostomum**// == //Spirostomum// reproduce by binary fission, it is found in both salt and fresh water. It is also an unicellular organism. source: [] //Spirostomum//'s size: 500um

=Cell Size Lab= Our Hypothesis was: If the cell were any larger then it would be less efficient. Analysis: 1. Compare and contrast the three cubes after they were sliced in half. The phenolphthalein made the cubes pink after 10 minutes of submersion.
 * Cube Size || Area of Cube || Volume of Cube || Surface Area to Volume Ratio || Distance of Diffusion || Rate of Diffusion ||
 * 3x3x3 || 54cm || 27cm || 2cm || 0.5cm || 0.05 ||
 * 2x2x2 || 24cm || 8cm || 3cm || 0.5cm || 0.05 ||
 * 1x1x1 || 6cm || 1cm || 6cm || 0.5cm || 0.05 ||

2. Which “cell”, seemed to be most and least efficient at getting outside substances into the cell? Explain. The little one seemed to be more efficient; it was completely pink, what shows that it absorbed all the substance. However the bigger ones had only the edges pink, what shows that they are not very efficient at getting outside substances into the cell.

3. Which of your calculations seems to explain what you observed in your cell models? Why do you think so? What they explain is that the cell needs to be small to be efficient. The one that explains this is the Rate of Diffusion. Diffusion as l we saw, took a long time to go a short distance so to be efficient the cell must be small so that diffusion happens faster and more efficiently. This happens because they do not have to go as fait gets accomplished faster. I think this happened because the smallest cube was the only cube that had the pink color throughout its entire body while the others only had the color .5 centimeters into the cube on all sides. The process was only complete in the smallest cube.

4. Speculate on a relationship between cell size and efficiency. Your statement should resemble a hypothesis. (Remember: Use an If....., then..... statement.) If a cell is smaller then the another cell then that means it is more efficient at getting outside substances into the cell.

= Catalase Lab =

1) 2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2 2) To the Enzymes. They are made up of proteins. Enzymes have a special shape, there is a starting chemical called a substrate that fits into the enzymes special shape 3) Is it possible to reuse biomolecules like catalase? Explain. Yes, it is possible reuse biomolecules like catalase because it is the substance that is being broken up other things which means that that since that the catalase is not being broken down it can be reused.  4) How did the amount of reaction change between room temperature, warm, and cold hydrogen peroxide? It didn’t change much like for example ground beef it just about stands the same except for the room temp. had a lower effect. 5) What happens to an organism if biomolecules like catalase become useless? Explain If catalase becomes useless there will be tons of dead and useless organisms that can’t be rid off.



Room Temperature: the liver is to the far left, then is the peanut, ground beef, and last the potato.



Cold Temperature: the liver is to the far left, then the ground beef, the peanut, and last the potato.

Warm Temperature: the peanut is to the far left, then there is the liver, the potato, and last the ground beef.

= How Many Drops of Water Can Fit on a Penny? =

Soapy Water Observation- there will be 15 drops

1 Try 15 2 Try 17 3 Try 18

When placing the water on the penny it formed a dome that soon spilled over.

Regular Water Guess: 18 drops

First try: 20 drops Second try: 14 drops Third Try: 24 drops Forth try: 15 drops Average: 18.25 drops

=Light Intensity Activity= time - 1 min.

=Chromatography Lab=

Elizabeth E. and Erika W. Yellow pigment = 0.1 RF Green pigment = 0.3 RF Yellow-Green pigment 0.2 RF

Kimberly and Jessy Yellow Rf= .75 Yellow- Green Rf= .875 Green Rf= 1 =Light Intensity Activity=
 * Light Intensity || 40 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Wavelength || 450 || 500 || 550 || 600 || 650 || 700 ||
 * # of ATP || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 1 ||
 * % || 3 || 1.5 || 3 || 4 || 17 || 1 ||


 * Light Intensity || 80 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Wavelength || 450 || 500 || 550 || 600 || 650 || 700 ||
 * # of ATP || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 4 || 1 ||
 * % || 6 || 3 || 6 || 8 || 34 || 2 ||


 * Light Intensity || 120 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Wavelenght || 450 || 500 || 550 || 600 || 650 || 700 ||
 * # of ATP || 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 5 || 1 ||
 * % || 9 || 4.5 || 9 || 12 || 51 || 3 ||


 * Light Intensity || 160 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Wavelength || 450 || 500 || 550 || 600 || 650 || 700 ||
 * # of ATP || 2 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 7 || 1 ||
 * % || 12 || 6 || 12 || 16 || 68 || 4 ||